First report in Cuba of green point gall of cocoa cushion caused by Albonectria rigidiuscula (Fusarium decemcellulare)
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Abstract
Galls and witches broom like symptoms were found in trees in a small house backyard of Cienfuegos city, Cienfuegos province and in two cacao farms in Guantanamo province, during surveys on cacao diseases carried out in plantations in the central and west cacao producing areas of Cuba. Field symptoms consisted in a disorganized meristem growth in plant branches and stem cushions which develop as a super production of vegetative primordia developing to vegetative gnarl galls as small green points cushion or to an uncontrolled production of flowers in the gall. Affected cushions can stay as green point galls or eventually developed to shoots with some 15-20 cm length that finally die and dry, with an occasional white-grayish fungal mycelia growth on the surface. Samples of tissues incubated in humid chambers and isolations from cushion galls tissues in PDA and CLA agar uniformly yielded a Fusarium sp. with conspicuous macroconidia developed from sporodochia, ovoid microconidia developed in chains from long phialides and colonies which yielded develop an intense and conspicuous rose pigment. Symptoms and isolates fungal morphology agree with description for Albonectria rigidiuscula, causal agent of cacao cushion gall disease. This is the first report of the disease in Cuba. A discussion on the life cycle and preliminary ways of management is carried out.
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