Productos alternativos para el manejo de enfermedades en cultivos comerciales
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Abstract
The use of biological products and alternative methods in the control of plant diseases is still bounded in Brazil, though its accessibility nowadays. However, biological control agents are being used more often in plant protection, given the variety of products available and, in particular, users’ increasing confidence with those. Detailed information about agents of biological control and alternative products available are present in Brazil, highlighting mild strains of Tristeza virus of citrus for the control of Tristeza virus through premunization; Trichoderma spp. for the control of Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora, Sclerotinia and Sclerotium in soybean, bean, cotton, corn, cotton, strawberry and apple, among others; Trichoderma stromaticum for the control of the cacao witches’ broom disease; Dycima pulvinata for the control of South American leaf blight (Microcyclus ulei) of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) associated with polyclone plantation; Acremonium alternatum and A. persicinum for the control of tar spot of coconut (Catacauma torrendiella and Coccostroma palmicola); Clonostachys rosea for the control of Botrytis in strawberry; Trichoderma spp. in container media, as well as seedlings production, in vegetable and flowers; cow milk for the control of powdery mildew in zucchini squash, cucumber and others; biofertilizers, oils and plants extracts for the control of many plant diseases, among other products. Many circumstances limit the adoption of these techniques, for instance, few plant pathologists are involved in this matter and agriculturists are generally prone to use only pesticides. Moreover, agronomists usually recommend pesticides to solve plant disease issues, and last but not least, the industries influence in technical support to producers. Despite the considerable number of alternative products available, the market still demands wider production. It is noticeable that main users of alternative products and biological control agents are combining these techniques with physical control (solarization and solar collector for substrate desinfestation) and other cultural habits to the control of diseases and pests, because the enlargement of these products usage relies on the knowledge of agro ecosystem’s structure and functioning. These agriculturists aim to take advantage of natural interactions, in order to intensify and support the biological interactions in which agriculture production is based, because just the substitution of pesticides will not guarantee a cleaner agriculture. Therefore, upgrading the systems of production is crucial to achieve its sustainability.
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